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Defence spending surged last year by the most since at least the end of the Cold War, according to data published Monday, with European countries rushing to bolster their security in the face of threats from Russia.
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Military expenditure worldwide rose 9.4 per cent from 2023 to just over US$2.7 trillion, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute said in a report.
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Wars in Ukraine and the Middle East have dramatically worsened the security outlook for Western nations and forced many of them to end a long-standing reluctance to boost spending on their armed forces significantly.
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The Bloomberg World Aerospace and Defence Index, which includes companies such as Germany’s Rheinmetall AG and Lockheed Martin Corp., has jumped 16 per cent so far in 2025, even as tariff wars cause a wider stock-market slump.
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Europe was the main driver of the military build up. The continent, including Russia, spent US$693 billion on defence, 17 per cent more than a year earlier, SIPRI said.
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Germany, whose new government has pledged to turbo-charge military funding, is once again the most prolific spender in Western Europe. It boosted defence expenditure by 28 per cent to US$89 billion, the fourth-highest figure globally.
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European states have mobilized billions of dollars in additional defence funds to counter the threat of Russian aggression and to compensate for President Donald Trump’s dramatic pullback on American commitments to the continent’s security.
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All 32 NATO members increased their military expenditure in 2024, with 18 spending at least two per cent of gross domestic product on their militaries, according to SIPRI methodology.
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Russia, grinding into the fourth year of its invasion of Ukraine, upped military spending to US$149 billion, a 38 per cent increase. The gap continued to widen with Ukraine, which spent US$65 billion, 2.9 per cent more than in 2024. That amounts to 34 per cent of the Ukraine’s GDP, the largest burden globally.
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“In such a tight fiscal space, it will be challenging for Ukraine to keep increasing its military spending,” said Diego Lopes da Silva, another SIPRI researcher.