Citi Institute Supply Chain Financing Report: Liquidity Takes Center Stage as Supply Chain Disruption Becomes Norm

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LONDON — Citi Institute and Citi’s Services business today released a new report, The World Rewired: Shifts in Global Trade and Foreign Direct Investment. The report examines how corporate priorities are evolving as global supply chains mature. As the findings suggest, corporates are placing greater emphasis on working capital, liquidity and cash visibility while trade routes and sourcing relationships continue to change.

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According to the data, the conflict in the Middle East as well as elevated oil and refined product prices have kept Citi’s Global Supply Chain Pressure Index at its highest sustained level since 2021-2022. Against that backdrop, corporate treasurers are increasingly focused on extracting the cash that is embedded in their supply chains, creating a liquidity advantage that actively strengthens resilience-building.

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72% of global corporates identify releasing trapped liquidity as their top strategic priority for the next 12 months, up from 66% at the start of 2026. For 64% of respondents, discovering how much liquidity is trapped in their supply chains has become a key driver of working capital strategy, compared to 55% earlier in the year.

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“For several years the conversation was dominated by resilience through diversification,” said Adoniro Cestari, Global Head of Trade and Working Capital Solutions, Citi Services. “Companies diversified their supplier base and redesigned sourcing strategies to strengthen their operations. Now treasury teams are turning to a related question: where is our cash sitting, and how quickly can it be put to work?”

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Global Trade Continues to Grow as Trade Routes Shift

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Citi’s payment and receivable flows data show global trade continuing to grow despite disruption. Overall payment flows rose 40% year-on-year in the first half of 2026, with growth recorded across every major region that Citi tracks.

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Growth in technology payments led the way at a time when the global AI infrastructure buildout continues to reshape capital flows. Globally, these flows grew by 50% year-on-year, with Asia and Latin America flows increasing by 60% and 58%, respectively. Domestic U.S. flows increased by 37% while cross-border flows from Taiwan to Singapore grew 90% and flows from the U.S. to Taiwan increased by 36%. These domestic and cross-border flows were responsible for a significant portion of the technology sector’s overall growth.

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Trade routes are shifting alongside these payment flows. China’s vehicle and parts exports illustrate the pattern clearly: North America once absorbed roughly a third of these shipments, but its share has decreased to about 13% by mid-2026. Africa, by contrast, has emerged as one of the fastest-growing destinations, nearly doubling its share from around 8% in 2022 to above 15% today, while Latin America has become the largest overall gainer in the category.

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A similar reorientation is underway in agriculture. Brazil and Argentina have helped Latin America cement itself as China’s dominant agricultural supplier, capturing between a third and nearly half of total import share in recent quarters, respectively.

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How Corporates Are Responding to Costs, Tariffs and Disruption

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Cost pressures continue to be a key influence on attitudes towards working capital management. Globally, 68% of corporates said increasing input costs was a key factor in shaping their working capital decisions and 59% said elevated interest rates were an influence on their attitudes towards working capital management. Combined, these factors highlight how elevated costs now represent structural rather than cyclical challenges.

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Tariff exposure tells a similarly uneven story. It’s a leading motivator for relocating supply chains among corporates in APAC (46%) and Latin America (44%), yet it barely registers in North America, cited by just 2% of respondents there, a reminder of how differently this environment is being felt from region to region.

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Interest in digital tools to support working capital performance is also rising. Nearly half of corporates said they are evaluating DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) and blockchain solutions, and the share using Artificial Intelligence in trade operations has nearly tripled, from 16% in 2024 to 45% today.

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“There’s a tendency to read every shock as evidence that globalization is going into reverse,” Cestari said. “The report tells a more nuanced story. Trade, investment and payments flows are still growing, just through different markets and corridors than they did a decade ago. Companies are adapting to that reality while looking for ways to operate more efficiently amid ongoing uncertainty and make better use of their liquidity.”

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Taken together, the findings suggest that the next stage of supply chain decision-making will be shaped as much by treasury priorities as operational ones, with companies strengthening cash flow and doubling down on resilience.