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Return on invested capital is reconciled to GAAP income (loss) before income taxes as follows:
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| (in millions, except where indicated) | 2024 | 2023 | ||||
| Income before income taxes – GAAP | $ | 515 | $ | 2,212 | ||
| Adjusted for: | ||||||
| Provision for contractual lease obligations | 34 | – | ||||
| Pension plan amendments | 490 | – | ||||
| Foreign exchange (gain) loss | 400 | (389 | ) | |||
| Net interest relating to employee benefits | (22 | ) | (25 | ) | ||
| (Gain) on financial instruments recorded at fair value | (28 | ) | (115 | ) | ||
| Loss on debt settlements and modifications | 8 | 10 | ||||
| Adjusted pre-tax income | $ | 1,397 | $ | 1,693 | ||
| Add back: | ||||||
| Interest expense | 763 | 944 | ||||
| Adjusted pre-tax income before interest expense | $ | 2,160 | $ | 2,637 | ||
| Invested capital: | ||||||
| Average long-term debt and lease liabilities (including current portion) | 13,266 | 15,084 | ||||
| Embedded derivative on convertible notes | 45 | 56 | ||||
| Average shareholders’ equity (deficiency) | 1,592 | (380 | ) | |||
| Invested capital | $ | 14,903 | $ | 14,761 | ||
| Return on invested capital (%) | 14% | 18% | ||||
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Third Quarter 2025 Conference Call
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Air Canada will host its quarterly analysts’ call on Wednesday, November 5, 2025, at 8:00 a.m. ET. Michael Rousseau, President and Chief Executive Officer, John Di Bert, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Mark Galardo, Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer and President, Cargo, will present the results and be available for analysts’ questions. Immediately following the analysts’ Q&A session, Mr. Di Bert and Pierre Houle, Vice President and Treasurer, will be available to answer questions from term loan B lenders and holders of Air Canada bonds.
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| Media and the public may access this call on a listen-in basis. Details are as follows: | |
| Webcast: | https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/79jny438 |
| By telephone: | 647-932-3411 or 1-800-715-9871 (toll-free) |
| Conference ID 8572108 | |
| Please allow 10 minutes to be connected to the conference call. | |
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CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
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This news release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements may involve, but are not limited to, comments relating to guidance, strategies, expectations, planned operations or future actions. Forward-looking statements are identified using terms and phrases such as “preliminary”; “anticipate”; “believe”; “could”; “estimate”; “expect”; “intend”; “may”; “plan”; “predict”; “project”; “will”; “would”; and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions.
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Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are based on assumptions including those described herein and are subject to important risks and uncertainties, which are amplified in the current environment. Forward-looking statements cannot be relied upon due to, among other things, changing external events and general uncertainties of the business of Air Canada. Actual results may differ materially from results indicated in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed below.
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Factors that may cause results to differ materially from results indicated in forward-looking statements include economic conditions, statements or actions by governments and uncertainty relating to the imposition of (or threats to impose) tariffs on Canadian exports or imports and their resulting impacts on the Canadian, North American and global economies and travel demand, geopolitical conditions such as the military conflicts in the Middle East and between Russia and Ukraine, Air Canada’s ability to successfully achieve or sustain positive net profitability, industry and market conditions and the demand environment, competition, Air Canada’s dependence on technology, cybersecurity risks, interruptions of service, climate change and environmental factors (including weather systems and other natural phenomena and factors arising from anthropogenic sources), Air Canada’s dependence on key suppliers (including government agencies and other stakeholders supporting airport and airline operations), employee and labour relations and costs, Air Canada’s ability to successfully implement appropriate strategic and other important initiatives (including Air Canada’s ability to manage operating costs), energy prices, Air Canada’s ability to pay its indebtedness and maintain or increase liquidity, Air Canada’s dependence on regional and other carriers, Air Canada’s ability to attract and retain required personnel, epidemic diseases, changes in laws, regulatory developments or proceedings, terrorist acts, war, Air Canada’s ability to successfully operate its loyalty program, casualty losses, Air Canada’s dependence on Star Alliance® and joint ventures, Air Canada’s ability to preserve and grow its brand, pending and future litigation and actions by third parties, currency exchange fluctuations, limitations due to restrictive covenants, insurance issues and costs, and pension plan obligations as well as the factors identified in Air Canada’s public disclosure file available at www.sedarplus.ca and, in particular, those identified in section 18 “Risk Factors” of Air Canada’s 2024 MD&A and in section 14 “Risk Factors” of Air Canada’s Third Quarter 2025 MD&A.
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Air Canada has and continues to establish targets, make commitments and assess the impact regarding climate change, and related initiatives, plans and proposals that Air Canada and other stakeholders (including government, regulatory and other bodies) are pursuing in relation to climate change and carbon emissions. The achievement of our commitments and targets depends on many factors, including the combined actions of governments, industry, suppliers and other stakeholders and actors, as well as the development and implementation of new technologies. In particular, our 2030 carbon emission-related targets and our related 2050 aspiration are ambitious and heavily dependent on new technologies, renewable energies and the availability of a sufficient supply of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), which continues to present serious challenges. In addition, Air Canada has incurred, and expects to continue to incur, costs to achieve its goal of net-zero carbon emissions and to comply with environmental sustainability legislation and regulation and other standards and accords. The precise nature of future binding or non-binding legislation, regulation, standards and accords, on which local and international stakeholders are increasingly focusing, cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty, nor can their financial, operational or other impact. There can be no assurance of the extent to which any of our climate goals will be achieved or that any future investments that we make in furtherance of achieving our climate goals will produce the expected results or meet increasing stakeholder environmental, social and governance expectations. Moreover, future events could lead Air Canada to prioritize other nearer-term interests over progressing toward our current climate goals based on business strategy, economic, regulatory and social factors, and potential pressure from investors, activist groups or other stakeholders. If we are unable to meet or properly report on our progress toward achieving our climate change goals and commitments, we could face adverse publicity and reactions from investors, customers, advocacy groups or other stakeholders, which could result in reputational harm or other adverse effects to Air Canada.
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The forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this news release represent Air Canada’s expectations as of the date of this news release (or as of the date they are otherwise stated to be made) and are subject to change after such date. However, Air Canada disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities regulations.
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Read our annual report Here
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Sign up for Air Canada news: aircanada.com
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Selected Financial Metrics and Statistics
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The financial and operating highlights for Air Canada for the periods indicated are as follows:
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| (Canadian dollars in millions, except per share figures or where indicated) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||
| Financial Performance Metrics | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | |
| Operating revenues | 5,774 | 6,106 | (332) | 16,602 | 16,851 | (249) | |
| Operating income | 284 | 1,040 | (756) | 594 | 1,517 | (923) | |
| Operating margin (1) (%) | 4.9 | 17.0 | (12.1) pp (8) | 3.6 | 9.0 | (5.4) pp | |
| Adjusted EBITDA (2) | 961 | 1,523 | (562) | 2,257 | 2,890 | (633) | |
| Adjusted EBITDA margin (2) (%) | 16.6 | 24.9 | (8.3) pp | 13.6 | 17.2 | (3.6) pp | |
| Income before income taxes | 511 | 897 | (386) | 447 | 1,236 | (789) | |
| Net income | 264 | 2,035 | (1,771) | 348 | 2,364 | (2,016) | |
| Adjusted pre-tax income (2) | 329 | 985 | (656) | 414 | 1,262 | (848) | |
| Adjusted net income (2) | 223 | 969 | (746) | 280 | 1,242 | (962) | |
| Total liquidity (3) | 8,296 | 10,261 | (1,965) | 8,296 | 10,261 | (1,965) | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | 813 | 737 | 76 | 3,234 | 3,253 | (19) | |
| Free cash flow (2) | 211 | 282 | (71) | 1,225 | 1,789 | (564) | |
| Net debt (2) | 4,830 | 3,426 | 1,404 | 4,830 | 3,426 | 1,404 | |
| Long-term debt and lease liabilities | 11,769 | 12,368 | (599) | 11,769 | 12,368 | (599) | |
| Diluted earnings per share | 0.88 | 5.38 | (4.50) | 0.90 | 6.25 | (5.35) | |
| Adjusted earnings per share – diluted (2) | 0.75 | 2.57 | (1.82) | 0.85 | 3.30 | (2.45) | |
| Operating Statistics (4) | 2025 | 2024 | % Change | 2025 | 2024 | % Change | |
| Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) (millions) | 24,459 | 25,101 | (2.6) | 67,142 | 68,070 | (1.4) | |
| Available seat miles (ASMs) (millions) | 28,282 | 28,892 | (2.1) | 79,382 | 79,432 | (0.1) | |
| Passenger load factor % | 86.5% | 86.9% | (0.4) pp | 84.6% | 85.7% | (1.1) pp | |
| Passenger revenue per RPM (Yield) (cents) | 21.4 | 22.3 | (3.9) | 21.8 | 22.1 | (1.5) | |
| Passenger revenue per ASM (PRASM) (cents) | 18.5 | 19.4 | (4.4) | 18.4 | 18.9 | (2.8) | |
| Operating revenue per ASM (TRASM) (cents) | 20.4 | 21.1 | (3.4) | 20.9 | 21.2 | (1.4) | |
| Operating expense per ASM (CASM) (cents) | 19.4 | 17.5 | 10.7 | 20.2 | 19.3 | 4.5 | |
| Adjusted CASM (cents) (2) | 14.0 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 13.4 | 8.3 | |
| Average number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) employees (thousands) (5) | 37.0 | 37.2 | (0.5) | 37.2 | 37.1 | 0.2 | |
| Aircraft in operating fleet at period-end | 366 | 353 | 3.7 | 366 | 353 | 3.7 | |
| Seats dispatched (thousands) | 15,095 | 15,258 | (1.1) | 42,912 | 42,950 | (0.1) | |
| Aircraft frequencies (thousands) | 102.8 | 104.5 | (1.6) | 292.7 | 293.4 | (0.2) | |
| Average stage length (miles) (6) | 1,874 | 1,894 | (1.1) | 1,850 | 1,849 | 0.0 | |
| Fuel cost per litre (cents) | 88.3 | 98.2 | (10.1) | 91.3 | 102.5 | (10.9) | |
| Fuel litres (thousands) | 1,356,485 | 1,399,170 | (3.1) | 3,819,892 | 3,857,355 | (1.0) | |
| Revenue passengers carried (thousands) (7) | 12,168 | 12,618 | (3.6) | 34,102 | 34,957 | (2.4) | |
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| (1) | Operating margin is a supplementary financial measure and is defined as operating income (loss) as a percentage of operating revenues. |
| (2) | Adjusted pre-tax income (loss), adjusted net income (loss), adjusted earnings (loss) per share, adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), adjusted EBITDA margin, free cash flow, net debt and adjusted CASM are non-GAAP financial measures, capital management measures, non-GAAP ratios or supplementary financial measures. Such measures are not recognized measures for financial statement presentation under GAAP, do not have standardized meanings, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities and should not be considered a substitute for or superior to GAAP results. Refer to section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this release for descriptions of Air Canada’s non-GAAP financial measures and for a quantitative reconciliation of Air Canada’s non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure. |
| (3) | Total liquidity refers to the sum of cash, cash equivalents, short and long-term investments, and the amounts available under Air Canada’s credit facilities. Total liquidity, as at September 30, 2025, of $8,296 million consisted of $6,939 million in cash, cash equivalents, short- and long-term investments and $1,357 million available under undrawn credit facilities. As at September 30, 2024, total liquidity of $10,261 million consisted of $8,942 million in cash, cash equivalents, short- and long-term investments and $1,319 million available under undrawn credit facilities. These amounts also include funds ($278 million as at September 30, 2025, and $243 million as at September 30, 2024) held in trust by Air Canada Vacations in accordance with regulatory requirements governing advance sales for tour operators. |
| (4) | Except for the reference to average number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employees, operating statistics in this table include third party carriers operating under capacity purchase agreements with Air Canada. |
| (5) | Reflects FTE employees at Air Canada and its subsidiaries. Excludes FTE employees at third-party carriers operating under capacity purchase agreements with Air Canada. |
| (6) | Average stage length is calculated by dividing the total number of available seat miles by the total number of seats dispatched. |
| (7) | Revenue passengers are counted on a flight number basis (rather than by journey/itinerary or by leg), which is consistent with the IATA definition of revenue passengers carried. |
| (8) | Percentage point, or “pp”, is a measure of the arithmetic / absolute difference between two percentages. |
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